蝇王1963

E.B.Taylor, A famous anthropologist and sociologist in nineteenth century, maintained that culture evolved from the simple to the complex and that all societies passed through three basic stages of development: from savagery through barbarism to civilization. But in this movie, we see the opposite law.A group of children were shipwrecked and landed on an uninhabited island. This group of children must build their own society on the island. At first, There was in order. Everyone had division of labor, everyone could express their views, everyone had food to eat. But soon, everything was broken, and the thirst for power and food made the children fall apart.

From Civilization through Barbarism to Savagery

There are two core figures in the film：Ralph and Jack.Ralph has knowledge and thought of a civilized world, he is more mature than the other children.Jack is a very attractive child. He has strong organizational skills. He leads the children in hunting, and leads everyone to sing when they breaks.

Ralph and Jack

It is worth noting that almost all the actors in the movie are children.Children mean ignorance, innocence and simplicity.So, children’s society is closest to Hobbes's "state of nature”.

Ralph has wisdom from the civilized world of the future.He advocated cooperation and set up a democratic system. Everyone has the right to speak and establish rules and regulations to regulate people's behavior. But the rules he made are loose, and are not guaranteed by force. It is obviously not suitable for children's society, because they are children, few people can understand it.So Ralph was seen as a idealist.In contrast, Jack's tribe is more realistic.In that case, whoever can let everyone have meat to eat and help everyone fight against wild animals will become the leader.People followed Jack because of fear or hunger.Then a hierarchy is formed.As Hobbes pointed out that society was a group of people under an authority , each individual delivered natural rights to this authority to maintain peace and resist foreign aggression.

The conflict between Ralph and Jack is mainly institutional. In the early days, Ralph made many rules and regulations. This is also the result of modern civilization. Jack is tired of these constraints and finds that the rules of civilization cannot give everyone a substantial hunting. Help, so Jack chose to give up humanity and regain the animal nature. They killed Simon, Piggy, and pursued Ralph (both children who advocate democracy in the movie). At this time, they are no different from the wolves and can no longer be Belong to the ranks of people.

My major is archaeology, in daily learning, I learned the state of ancient society.In the Paleolithic age of hundreds of thousands of years ago, people were hunting and gathering for living.The state of that time was very similar to that in the movie.People couldn't imagine what cooperation would bring to them.The only thing people want is safety and food.So the man who is the strongest with the highest hunting skills became the leader.

Another focus in the film is the monster.It is because of the fear of this ultimate evil that people finally lose their mind.People started offering sacrifices to it.But such a monster has a good appearance only (in the film, which is figurative as the corpse of a pilot), and the truth of the "paper tiger" will be discovered by uncovering its skin. Unfortunately, the children are ignorant, and they can not admit the simplest truth. Children who know the truth are either accidentally killed as "monster" （Simon）or are killed as "wild animals"（Ralph）. In fact, the truth is the weapon that the rulers fear most.

This once again restore the real ancient society.The ruler establish his authority by mystifying some ordinary things and consolidate authority through a strict hierarchy.People who are not in the ruling elite have no right to know the truth.For example, in ancient Egypt, people could not see Pharaoh himself, because Pharaoh wanted people to believe he was God.The Shang Dynasty was the same.As we know, the Shang and Dynasty has a brilliant bronze civilization. In the same period, the exquisite bronzes were in sharp contrast with the rough and backward tools of production. The rulers with bronze casting technology monopolized the technology and raw material. They did not want to share the technology ,but set up a complete system for mystifying and sanctifying bronze to maintain this order.

Bronze

This movie show us a battle of modern morality and primitive instinct. Violence and instinct are necessary. There is no need to talk about such superstructures as reason and democracy without satisfying the instinctive physiological needs.It takes thousands of years for people to walk into civilization, and it takes only one second to think about backing savagery.

The stupidity, blindness, and animalism that the boys concealed under the education were induced by the director.When human civilization faced the crisis of survival, it unveiled its hypocrisy. The conch symbolized the democratic order but it is so fragile in the face of violence and the desire to survive.

一、一个寓言

在一个时间不确定的未来，世界爆发了核战争，一群孩子被迫开始了荒岛求生。一开始，文明和理性占了上风，孩子们通过民主选举和科学知识，有秩序地生存和等待救援。但很快，岛上出现了一个不确定的因素——怪兽。孩子们根据对待怪兽方式的不同，分化成了两个阵营，杰克代表的本能派很快俘获了大部分人心。本能引领着孩子们将心中的兽性释放了出来，小岛局势彻底失控。最终，路过的军官结束了岛上的杀戮，拯救了这群已经遗忘了人性的孩子。

二、一个公式

仔细分析故事情节，可以发现戈尔丁通过这样一个寓言故事，为我们拉出了一个公式，证明了人性本恶的命题：共同的敌人 + 迫切的基础需求 + 主流的裹挟 = 人性恶爆发。也就是说，公式里前半部分的三个因素一旦凑齐，人性里的恶就会爆发。这三个因素都是人类基因里携带的生存本能，所以要想抵制小说里描写的这种人性恶爆发，就需要一个和本能作斗争的过程。

三、一个水印

诺贝尔文学奖为戈尔丁撰写的颁奖词，提示我们这部小说中隐藏着一个水印，那就是：《蝇王》这本小说，以故事的普遍性阐述了今日世界人类的状况。一群思想单纯的人，到一个荒凉的地方，推举出一个法理型权威，正如五月花号上的新教徒移民登陆新大陆，发出自己的《独立宣言》；20世纪希特勒的崛起，也正是如同小说里的杰克当权，凑齐了公式里的三个条件。作者通过这个水印告诉我们，蝇王一直都藏在你我的人性里，想要继续维持法理、世界和平，就要避免凑齐让人性毕露的条件，要永远警惕不受控制的人性恶卷土重来。